Fadak: Truth Vs Falsehood – 2

Here we have discussed part 1: click here

As we said in our previous discussion:

There is one terminology called Mudraj in Hadith sciences.

The word “anger” is only mentioned in the Hadith transmitted from Hazrat Aisha[ra]. It is not mentioned in the Hadith narrated from other companions like Hazrat Abu Huraira, Hazrat Um Hani, etc.

Further the hadith narrated from Hazrat Aisha is of two types, one type mentions the word “anger” while the other type does not mention “anger”. The hadith which mention the word “anger” are all narrated by Ibn Shahab Zehri [well known for his idraaj of statements].

The main misunderstanding regarding the Bukhari hadith should be removed.

1. Bukhari , Volume 8, Book 80, Number 718:

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَام أَتَيَا أَبَا بَکْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَيْهِمَا مِنْ فَدَکَ وَسَهْمَهُمَا مِنْ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَکْرٍ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْکُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ قَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ قَالَ فَهَجَرَتْهُ فَاطِمَةُ فَلَمْ تُکَلِّمْهُ حَتَّی مَاتَتْ

Narrated ‘Aisha: Fatima and Al ‘Abbas came to Abu Bakr, seeking their share from the property of Allah’s Apostle and at that time, they were asking for their land at Fadak and their share from Khaibar. Abu Bakr said to them, ” I have heard from Allah’s Apostle saying, ‘Our property cannot be inherited, and whatever we leave is to be spent in charity, but the family of Muhammad may take their provisions from this property.” Abu Bakr added, “By Allah, I will not leave the procedure I saw Allah’s Apostle following during his lifetime concerning this property.” Therefore Fatima left Abu Bakr and did not speak to him till she died.

2. Bukhari :: Book 53 :: Volume 4 :: Hadith 325:

حدثنا عبد العزيز بن عبد الله: حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعد، عن صالح، عن ابن شهاب قال: أخبرني عروة بن الزبير: أن عائشة أم
المؤمنين رضي الله عنها أخبرته:
أن فاطمة عليها السلام، ابنة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: سألت أبا بكر الصديق بعد وفاة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أن يقسم لها ميراثها، ما ترك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مما أفاء الله عليه، فقال أبو بكر: إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: (لا نورث، ما تركنا صدقة). فغضبت فاطمة بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فهجرت أبا بكر، فلم تزل مهاجرته حتى توفيت، وعاشت بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ستة أشهر، قالت: وكانت فاطمة تسأل أبا بكر نصيبها مما ترك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من خيبر وفدك، وصدقته بالمدينة، فأبى أبو بكر عليها ذلك وقال: لست تاركا شيئا كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يعمل به إلا عملت به، فإني أخشى إن تركت شيئا من أمره أن أزيغ. فأما صدقته بالمدينة فدفعها عمر إلى علي وعباس، وأما خيبر وفدك فأمسكها عمر وقال: هما صدقة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، كانتا لحقوقه التي تعروه ونوائبه، وأمرهما إلى من ولي الأمر، قال: فهما على ذلك إلى اليوم

[ Again in this hadith: Ibn Shahab Zehri is present]

Narrated ‘Aisha:

(mother of the believers) After the death of Allah ‘s Apostle Fatima the daughter of Allah’s Apostle asked Abu Bakr As-Siddiq to give her, her share of inheritance from what Allah’s Apostle had left of the Fai (i.e. booty gained without fighting) which Allah had given him. Abu Bakr said to her, “Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Our property will not be inherited, whatever we (i.e. prophets) leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).” Fatima, the daughter of Allah’s Apostle got angry and stopped speaking to Abu Bakr, and continued assuming that attitude till she died. Fatima remained alive for six months after the death of Allah’s Apostle.

She used to ask Abu Bakr for her share from the property of Allah’s Apostle which he left at Khaibar, and Fadak, and his property at Medina (devoted for charity). Abu Bakr refused to give her that property and said, “I will not leave anything Allah’s Apostle used to do, because I am afraid that if I left something from the Prophet’s tradition, then I would go astray.” (Later on) Umar gave the Prophet’s property (of Sadaqa) at Medina to ‘Ali and ‘Abbas, but he withheld the properties of Khaibar and Fadak in his custody and said, “These two properties are the Sadaqa which Allah’s Apostle used to use for his expenditures and urgent needs. Now their management is to be entrusted to the ruler.” (Az-Zehri said, “They have been managed in this way till today.”)

The text in red are not the words of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her).

First read the Arabic text of Bukhari , Volume 8, Book 80, Number 718:

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَام أَتَيَا أَبَا بَکْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَيْهِمَا مِنْ فَدَکَ وَسَهْمَهُمَا مِنْ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَکْرٍ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْکُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ قَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ قَالَ فَهَجَرَتْهُ فَاطِمَةُ فَلَمْ تُکَلِّمْهُ حَتَّی مَاتَتْ

If you see, the bold red words start with قَالَ which shows that these are the words of a male and not a female at all.

These are actually the words of a narrator in the hadith , and not the words of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), I guess you know very well that for the words of female, قالت is used , and for the words of male , قال is used.

Same thing with second hadith as well i.e. Bukhari :: Book 53 :: Volume 4 :: Hadith 325

These specific words are not the words of Aisha (ra) but these are the words of Ibn Shahab Zuhri

قال : فهجرته فاطمة فلم تكلمه في ذلك حتى ماتت

& in one place it is قالت. Which is in doubt, because of the narrator ibn shahab zehri.

Hence, these are not the words of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) rather the scholars say these are the words of Ibn Shahab Zehri (ابن شہاب زہری)

The proof is that whenever he is a narrator in this saying of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), than only there we find these words, but when the same incident is narrated by Aisha and Zuhri is not present in the chain of narration, than these words are not present. So this is basically the opinion of Zuhri himself, and not of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her).

Actually Imam Rabiah bin abi abdul Rahman (ربیعہ بن ابی عبد الرحمن), the teacher of Imam Malik and Imam Shuba and Sufyan Suri , and the student of Anas bin Malik [ra] once told Ibn Shahab Zuhri that when you narrate hadith, you should show difference between your opinion and the narration so that people can differentiate between your opinion and the actual narration, and both of them don’t mix up.

Source: Tarikh Kabir , volume 2, page 262, by Imam Bukhari

Tarikh Islam, page 248, by Zuhbi

Kitab al faqih wal mutafiqa , page 148 by Khtib Bughdadi

Shibli Nomani also referred to this in Seerat Numan.

From this , it seems that it was a problem with Ibn Shahab Zuhri that he would mix up the narrations and his opinions, anyhow the learned scholars can see the difference, but the common people are often mistaken.

Contributed by akhi abdullah khan